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This paper investigates the rates of SLR in two coastal lakes in NSW - Lake Macquarie and Lake Illawarra, the latter of which had entrance training completed in 2008. Tide gauge data is used to assess trends in exceedance probability values of low, median and high water levels represented by 95%, 50% and 5% exceedance probability respectively within coastal lakes and ocean conditions at Patonga for proxy. In addition, the relationship between coastal lake water levels and ENSO are investigated. Within Lake Macquarie both median and high water levels have shown significant increases, however, high water levels have shown the greatest increases most noticeable in the entrance channel at Swansea. This indicates increases in water level range and increased exposure to ocean tides and conditions. ENSO, represented by the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was shown to be responsible for up to 6% of water level variability within Lake Macquarie, highlighting the need to incorporate large-scale oscillations when assessing potential inundation hazards in these systems.

Lake Illawarra exhibited a response to entrance training through a significant increase in high water levels within the lake. Since entrance training, high water levels have increased at rate of up to 9.3 mm per year which is over three times the global SLR estimate. The minimal association between water level variation within Lake Illawarra and the SOI, together with increased water level ranges due to rapid annual increases in high water levels indicated a dynamic response to entrance training. This dynamic nature highlights the necessity of regular monitoring of SLR within the lake and robust inundation hazard modelling.]]> Tue 08 Nov 2022 09:25:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45907 Tue 08 Nov 2022 09:18:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33490 Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:54:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34010 Thu 31 Jan 2019 10:14:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54774 Mon 11 Mar 2024 15:08:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54953 Fri 22 Mar 2024 15:29:20 AEDT ]]>